When your line length is too short, you end up with too much hyphenation and, in justified text, very irregular wordspacing. Line width should be 40–65 characters wide. On the web, do not underline type unless it does link to something. You can’t link to the web from a piece of paper, so you don’t have to underline these in print. Underlined type for a web or email address indicates a hot link. If you must underline type, make sure the line does not run through descenders. Bold type adds even more emphasis, but use it sparingly. Italic type is correct for titles of books and such, and can also be used to add emphasis. When you do use all caps, as in a heading, you will ususally need to add letterspacing.Īvoid underlined type. Use larger or bolder type, or a different typeface, to add emphasis. Long passages in all capitals are hard to read because there is not as much variation in letterforms for the eye to lock onto. The Brits put their punctuation outside the quote marks.Īvoid all caps. Question marks sometimes go outside the quote marks depending on the sense of the sentence. In proper American English, periods and commas always go inside the quote marks. In Windows, use alt-0147, alt-0148 and alt-0146 respectively. When typing directly, use option- for an apostrophe. Some applications automatically convert straight hash marks to curly quotes when importing text (as long as that option is turned on). Enter option-hyphen on the Mac enter alt-0150 in Windows. An en dash denotes a range, e.g., the class meets 9:00–10:30, Monday–Thursday. Enter option-shift-hyphen on the Mac enter alt-0151 in Windows. An em dash divides phrases-and clauses-in a sentence. Furthermore, the paragraph immediately following a head is not indented, even if successive ones are. That way you can be sure you won’t start a column with the extra line space. If you choose to divide paragraphs with extra space, use your program’s paragraph definition feature instead of hard returns. Do what the pros do and choose one or the other. Paragraphs are divided by indents or extra spaces, not both.Using extra space after a paragraph as well as an indent makes a choppy left margin, especially when the last line of the previous paragraph is very short. Check the manual for the program you are using to find out how to change the tab stops and create hanging indents. In tables, use one tab for each column, and adjust your tab stops to make each column the correct width. In a list, use a tab after the bullet or number and a “hanging indent” to automatically wrap runovers. Once again, because your digital font characters vary in width, you cannot count out spaces and expect everything to end up even. Professional fonts with proportional letter widths need only a single space. Since typewriters are monospaced (meaning each letter is the same width), that extra space improved readability. If you learned to type on a typewriter, you were taught to insert two spaces after each period, semicolon, question mark, etc. When in doubt, consult The Chicago Manual of Style. Follow these rules if you want your publication to look professional, be easy to read, and reflect well on you.
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